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097: GreyBeards talk open source S3 object store with AB Periasamy, CEO MinIO

Ray was at SFD19 a few weeks ago and the last session of the week (usually dead) was with MinIO and they just blew us away (see videos of MinIO’s session here). Ray thought Anand Babu (AB) Periasamy (@ABPeriasamy), CEO MinIO, who was the main presenter at the session, would be a great invite for our GreyBeards podcast. Keith and I had a ball talking with AB.

Why object store

There’s something afoot in object storage space over the last year or so. It seems everybody is looking to deploy object store whether that be on prem, in CoLo facilities and in the cloud. It could be just the mass of data coming online but that trend has remained the same for years no. No it’s something else.

It all starts with AWS and S3. Over the last couple of years AWS has been rolling out new functionality that only works with S3 and this has been driving even more adoption of S3 as well as other object storage solutions.

S3 compatible object stores are available in just about every cloud service, available from major (and minor) storage vendors and in open source from MinIO.

Why S3 is so popular

Because object store is accessed via RestFUL interfaces, traditionally most implementations used their own API to access it. But when AWS created S3 (simple storage service) with their own API/SDK to access it, it somehow became the de-facto standard interface for all other object stores. S3 compatibility became a significant feature that all object stores had to support.

Sometime after that MinIO came into existence. MinIO provides a 100% open source, fully AWS S3 compatible object store that you can run anywhere on prem, in CoLo facilities and indeed in the cloud. In fact, there exist customers that run MinIO in AWS AB says this is probably just customers using a packaged software solution which happens to include MinIO but it’s nonetheless more expensive than AWS S3 as it uses EC2 instances and EBS storage to create an object store

Customers can access MinIO object stores with the AWS S3 SDK or the MinIO SDK. and you can access AWS S3 storage with AWS S3 SDK or use MinIO SDK. Occosionally, AWS S3 updates have broken MinIO’s SDK but these have been later fixed by AWS. It seems AWS and MinIO are on good terms.

AB mentioned that as customers get up to a few PBs of AWS S3 storage they often find the costs to be too high. It’s at this point that they start looking at other object storage solutions. But because MinIO is 100% S3 compatible and it’s open source many of these customers deploy it in their own data center facilities or in colo environments.

For those customers that want it, MinIO also offers an S3 gateway. With the gateway on prem customers can use S3 or standard file services to access S3 object storage located in the cloud. The gateway also works in the public cloud and can support both AWS s3 as well as Microsoft Blob storage as a backend.

MinIO matches AWS S3 features

AWS S3 has a number of great features and MinIO has matched or exceeded them all, step by step. AWS S3 has cross region replication options where customers can replicate S3 data from one region to another. MinIO supports both asynchronous replication of S3 data and synchronous replication (using RADIO).

But MinIO adds support for erasure coding within a fault domain. Default is Nx2 erasure coding which duplicates all your data so as long as 1/2 of your servers and storage are available you continue to have access to all your data. But this can be configured down like 12+4 where data is split accross 16 servers any four of which can fail and you can still access data.

AWS customers can use a Snowball (standalone storage device) to transfer data to or from S3 storage. AWS Snowball implements a subset of S3 API and requires a NAS staging area of equivalent size to migrate data out of S3. MinIO has support for Snowball’s limited S3 API and as such, Snowball’s can be used to migrate data into or out of MinIO. MinIO has a blog post which describes their support for AWS Snowball.

AWS also offers S3 Lambda services or server less computing services where compute services can be invoked when data is loaded in a bucket and then turned off when no longer needed. AWS Lambda depends on AWS messaging and other services to work properly. But MinIO supports Lambda like functionality using other open source services. AB mentions MQTT and Kafka services. MinIO has another blog post discussing their Lambda like services based on Kafka.

AWS recently implemented Snowflake a SQL database server for unstructured data that uses S3 storage to hold data. Ray and Keith almost choked on that statement as unstructured data and databases never used to be uttered in the same breath. But what AWS has shown was that you can use object store for database data as long as you are willing to load the table into memory and process it there and then unload any modified table data back into the object store. Indexing of the object data seems to be done as the data is being loaded and is also being done in a (random IO) cache or in memory and once done can also be unloaded into the object store.

Now Snowflake uses S3 but it’s not available on prem. MinIO has a number of data base partners that make use of their object store as a backend to host a Snowflake like service onprem. AB mentioned Spark and Splunk but there are others as well.

We ended up the discussion with what does it mean to have 20K stars on GitHub. AB said if you did a java script getting 20K stars would be easy but you just don’t see this sort of open source popularity for storage systems. He said the number is interesting but the growth rate is even more interesting.

The podcast runs ~47 minutes. AB was a great to talk tech with. Keith and I could have talked all afternoon with AB. It was very hard to stop the recording as we could have talked with him for another hour or more. AB said he doesn’t like to do podcasts or videos but he had no problem with us firing away questions. Listen to the podcast to learn more.

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Anand Babu Periasamy, CEO MinIO

AB Periasamy is the CEO and co-founder of MinIO. One of the leading thinkers and technologists in the open source software movement, AB was a co-founder and CTO of GlusterFS which was acquired by RedHat in 2011. Following the acquisition, he served in the office of the CTO at RedHat prior to founding MinIO in late 2015. AB is an active angel investor and serves on the board of H2O.ai and the Free Software Foundation of India.

He earned his BE in Computer Science and Engineering from Annamalai University.

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48: Greybeards talk object storage with Enrico Signoretti, Head of Product Strategy, OpenIO

In this episode we talk with Enrico Signoretti, Head of Product Strategy for OpenIO, a software defined, object storage startup out of Europe. Enrico is an old friend, having been a member of many Storage Field Day events (SFD) in the past which both Howard and I attended and we wanted to hear what he was up to nowadays.

OpenIO open source SDS

It turns out that OpenIO is an open source object storage project that’s been around since 2008 and has recently (2015) been re-launched as a new storage startup. The open source, community version is still available and OpenIO has links to downloads to try it out. There’s even one for a Raspberry PI (Raspbian 8, I believe) on their website.

As everyone should recall object storage is meant for multi-PB data storage environments. Objects are assigned an ID and are stored in containers or buckets. Object storage has a flat hierarchy unlike file systems that have a multi-tiered hierarchy.

Currently, OpenIO is in a number of customer sites running 15-20PB storage environments. OpenIO supports AWS S3 compatible protocol and OpenStack Swift object storage API.

OpenIO is based on open source but customer service and usability are built into the product they license to end customers  on a usable capacity basis. Minimum license is for 100TB and can go into the multiPB range. There doesn’t appear to be any charge for enhancements of additional features or additional cluster nodes.

The original code was developed for a big email service provider and supported a massive user community. So it was originally developed for small objects, with fast access and many cluster nodes. Nowadays, it can also support very large objects as well.

OpenIO functionality

Each disk device in the OpenIO cluster is a dedicated service. By setting it up this way,  load balancing across the cluster can be at the disk level. Load balancing in OpenIO, is also a dynamic operation. That is, every time a object is created all node’s current capacity is used to determine the node with the least used capacity, which is then allocated to hold that object. This way there’s no static allocation of object IDs to nodes.

Data protection in OpenIO supports erasure coding as well as mirroring (replication{. This can be set by policy and can vary depending on object size. For example, if an object is say under 100MB it can be replicated 3 times but if it’s over 100MB it uses erasure coding.

OpenIO supports hybrid tiering today. This means that an object can move from OpenIO residency to public cloud (AWS S3 or BackBlaze B2) residency over time if the customer wishes. In a future release they will support replication to public cloud as well as tiering.  Many larger customers don’t use tiering because of the expense. Enrico says S3 is cheap as long as you don’t access the data.

OpenIO provides compression of objects. Although many object storage customers already compress and encrypt their data so may not use this. For those customers who don’t, compression can often double the amount of effective storage.

Metadata is just another service in the OpenIO cluster. This means it can be assigned to a number of nodes or all nodes on a configuration basis. OpenIO keeps their metadata on SSDs, which are replicated for data protection rather than in memory. This allows OpenIO to have a light weight footprint. They call their solution “serverless” but what I take from that is that it doesn’t use a lot of server resources to run.

OpenIO offers a number of adjunct services besides pure object storage such as video transcoding or streaming that can be invoked automatically on objects.

They also offer stretched clusters where an OpenIO cluster exists across multiple locations. Objects can have dispersal-like erasure coding for multi-site environments so that if one site goes down you still have access to the data. But Enrico said you have to have a minimum of 3 sites for this.

Enrico mentioned one media & entertainment customer stored only one version of a video in the object storage but when requested in another format automatically transcoded it in realtime. They kept this newly transcoded version in a CDN for future availability, until it aged out.

There seems to be a lot of policy and procedural flexibility available with OpenIO but that may just be an artifact of running in Linux.

They currently support RedHat, Ubuntu and CentOS. They also have a Docker container in Beta test for persistent objects, which is expected to ship later this year.

OpenIO hardware requirements

OpenIO has minimal hardware requirements for cluster nodes. The only thing I saw on their website was the need for at least 2GB of RAM on each node.  And metadata services seem to require SSDs on multiple nodes.

As discussed above, OpenIO has a uniquely light weight footprint (which is why it can run on Raspberry PI) and only seems to need about 500MB of DRAM and 1 core to run effectively.

OpenIO supports heterogeneous nodes. That is nodes can have different numbers and types of disks/SSDs on them, different processor, memory configurations and OSs. We talked about the possibility of having a node go down or disks going down and operating without them for a month, at the end of which admins could go through and fix them/replacing them as needed. Enrico also mentioned it was very easy to add and decommission nodes.

OpenIO supports a nano-node, which is just an (ARM) CPU, ram and a disk drive. Sort of like Seagate Kinetic and other vendor Open Ethernet drive solutions. These drives have a lightweight processor with small memory running Linux accessing an attached disk drive.

Also, OpenIO nodes can offer different services. Some cluster nodes can offer metadata and object storage services and others only object storage services. This seems configurable on a server basis. There’s probably some minimum number of metadata and object services required in a cluster. Enrico mentioned three nodes as a minimum cluster.

The podcast runs ~42 minutes but Enrico is a very knowledgeable, industry expert and a great friend from multiple SFD/TFD events. Howard and I had fun talking with him again. Listen to the podcast to learn more.

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Enrico Signoretti, Head of Product Strategy at OpenIO.

In his role as head of product strategy, Enrico is responsible for the planning design and execution of OpenIO product strategy. With the support of his team, he develops product roadmaps from the planning stages to development to ensure their market fit.

Enrico promotes OpenIO products and represent the company and its products at several industry events, conferences and association meetings across different geographies. He actively participates in the company’s sales effort with key accounts as well as by exploring opportunities for developing new partnerships and innovative channel activities.

Prior to joining OpenIO, Enrico worked as an independent IT analyst, blogger and advisor for six years, serving clients among primary storage vendors, startups and end users in Europe and the US.

Enrico is constantly keeping an eye on how the market evolves and continuously looking for new ideas and innovative solutions.

Enrico is also a great sailor and an unsuccessful fisherman.