117: GreyBeards talk HPC file systems with Frank Herold, CEO of ThinkParQ, makers of BeeGFS

We return back to our storage thread with a discussion of HPC file systems with Frank Herold, (@BeeGFS) CEO of ThinkParQ GmbH, the makers of BeeGFS. I’ve seen BeeGFS start to show up in some IO500 top storage benchmark results and as more and more data keeps coming online every day, we thought it time to start finding out how our friends in the HPC world handle their data deluge.

Frank’s a former rocket scientist, that’s been in and around the storage industry for years, and was very knowledgeable about BeeGFS’s software defined, parallel file system. He seemed to have a great grasp of the IO requirements in HPC, Life Sciences and other HPC-like applications. Listen to the podcast to learn more.

Turns out that ThinkParQ is a spinoff of the research institute in Germany that originally developed BeeGFS parallel file system. There are apparently two version of their product one which is publicly available (downloadable from their website) and another with commercial support. It’s not quite 100% open source but it’s got a lot of open source in it and their GIT repository is available

BeeGFS was primarily focused on HPC workloads but as this type of work has become more mainstream, they have moved beyond HPC and now have significant installations in Life Sciences, Oil&Gas and many other big data environments.

It runs on x86/AMD, OpenPower, and ARM CPUs. BeeGFS comes as a number of services, one of which is a storage service which uses a backend with ZFS or XFS file system. It also uses (POSIX compliant) host client software to access their system. There’s also a metadata and monitoring service. Most of the time these services run on separate servers but BeeGFS also supports a “converged mode”, where all these services run on a single server. And you can have multiple converged mode servers in a cluster.

BeeGFS is a parallel file system. This means that it intrinsically supports multiple metadata services/servers and multiple storage servers which allow it to scale up storage bandwidth and performance considerably beyond single appliance systems. Data is automatically distributed across all the storage servers in the configuration, unless you specify that data reside on specific, say all flash storage servers. Similarly, metadata is automatically distributed across all metadata servers in the system.

They don’t support any specific RAID protection other than mirroring and that really to speed up read throughput. Rather they depend on the underlying XFS/ZFS file system to provide drive failure protection (RAID5/6).

One of BeeGFS’s selling points is that it has few tuning parameters that a customer needs to fiddle with. Frank said it runs quite well right out of the box.

BeeGFS offers a single name space that spans the cluster (of metadata servers/storage servers). But customers can elect to split this name space across a subset of these metadata and storage servers, and by doing so they create multiple BeeGFS clusters.

There’s no inherent support for NFS or SMB but customers can configure NFS or SAMBA servers that use BeeGFS as backend storage. Also, there’s no data reduction built into BeeGFS and no automatic data tiering across the backend storage (file systems).

But as noted above, customers can direct which backend storage to use to hold their data. And they do offer a CLI data movement primitive and customers can use this in conjunction with other software to implement storage tiering or do it themselves.

Metadata performance is extremely important for small files and for large multi Billion object file systems. BeeGFS uses extensive metadata caching to provide faster access to this information.

Speaking of small file performance, we had a decent discussion on the tradeoffs involved between small and large file performance. And although BeeGFS has decent small file performance it’s not a be all for every small file intensive application. According to Frank, not every small file workload is optimal for BeeGFS.

They offer BeeOND which is BeeGFS on demand. This is an integration with Slurm workload scheduler (HPC work scheduler) that allows customers to spin up a scratch BeeGFS parallel file system across compute servers with storage.

Slurm’s BeeOND integration brings all BeeGFS services up and deploys them on compute nodes you specify. At this point you have a fully installed BeeGFS (scratch) parallel file system. Customers may use this scratch file system to support any compute-data intensive workload theyneed to run. When no longer needed, Slurm can be directed to automatically dismantle the BeeGFSl file system.

We talked about BeeGFS partners. They have a number of regional partners that provide installation and onsite support and a number of technical partners, such as NetApp, Dell, HPE and INSPUR, that supply BeeGFS configured servers and systems for deployment/installation.

Frank Herold, CEO ThinkparQ

Frank Herold is the CEO of ThinkParQ GmbH – the company behind BeeGFS. He actively leads the company and the product strategy of BeeGFS as a global player for parallel high-performance file systems.

Prior to joining ThinkParQ, he held various senior management positions within ADIC and Quantum Corporation, responsible for market segments within the academic and scientific research, oil and gas, broadcast and video surveillance sectors, focusing on large scale, high-performance and enterprise accounts within EMEA. 

Frank has over 25 years of experience in the IT industry and holds a master’s degree in engineering (Dipl. -Ing.) in rocket science.

113: GreyBeards talk storage for next gen. workloads with Liran Zvibel, Co-Founder & CEO WekaIO

Sponsored By:

I’ve known Liran Zvibel, Co-founder and CEO of Weka IO for many years now and it’s the second time he’s been on our show, (see: Episode 56: GreyBeards talk high performance file storage...). In those days, WekaIO was just coming out and hitting the world with this extremely high-performing, scale out unstructured data solution. Well since then, they’ve just gotten better.

Keith and I had a great time talking with Liran again. Liran has deep knowledge about unstructured data and how enterprises use it these days. WekaIO’s story, over the last two years has gone beyond great performance to real world, hybrid cloud offerings e as well as going after the cloud native app’s (read Kubernetes [K8S]) persistent storage. Listen to the podcast to learn more.

We started with a history lesson on WekaIO. Back in those days (which persists today, I might add) there were many IO workloads that required companies to purchase different solutions for different work. For example, they needed DAS or SAN for performance, NAS for ease of access and object for scale. WekaIO came out with an answer to all these problems in a single, scaleable storage system. That is, they performed IO as fast as DAS or SAN block, had all the ease of access of NAS, and could scale as much as object.

However, the real culprit holding the world back was “NFS”. At the outset NFS was designed (back in the 1990s) with the then current networking speeds available (10-100Mbps), which performed just fine at those speeds. But when 10-100GbE came out in the 2000’s, NFS’s metadata overhead was too chatty to support wire speeds. Thus, any storage that depended on NFS protocols couldn’t supply (small) files fast enough for modern applications.

This is why WekaIO has moved to not only support NFS and SMB but also POSIX and NVIDIA® GPUDirect® Storage interfaces. By offering POSIX, WekaIO is able to plug into standard Linux and Windows server systems and provide excellent small file performance. Of course applications that demand small file performance today are mostly data analytics and AI/ML/DL workloads.

Consequently., NVIDIA came out with their GPUDirect Storage protocol to address getting small file (data) into GPUs faster. With GPUDirect, storage systems can RDMA data directly from storage to GPU memory and vice versa, with no OS intervention (other than to set up the transfer). If you happen to have a small file, high performing storage system attached to your fabric that supports GPUDirect , like WekaIO, you can significantly speed up your AI/ML/DL workloads.

Next we started talking K8S storage. WekaIO usestheir POSIX interface in their CSI plugin to support K8S container persistent storage. Again, supplying high performance for small files seems to be tailor made for K8S container applications that exist today and will for the foreseeable future.

Enter the cloud. Almong other things, WekaIO is a AWS primary storage vendor. It also offers snap to cloud. And with both of these in tandem, it’s just become a lot easier to move and access your unstructured data in the cloud. Liran mentioned that WekaIO primary storage in AWS operates across AZ’s. This means it can be configured to support better availability than EBS.

Large BioPharma companies are using WekaIO in AWS to store and process field data and research data, so that this work can be done around the world. Some companies have run out of compute in a single AZ (unbelievable I know but it’s COVID). By offering multi-AZ support unstructured data access with WekaIO, these companies can spread their compute across AZ’s and region and still access their data. And when their products are ready for gov’t certification, having all this data in the cloud, can make provide an easy way to have gov’t access this same data.

Liran Zvibel, Co-founder and CEO WekaIO

As Co-Founder and CEO, Mr. Liran Zvibel guides long term vision and strategy at WekaIO. Prior to creating the opportunity at WekaIO, he ran engineering at social startup and Fortune 100 organizations including Fusic, where he managed product definition, design, and development for a portfolio of rich social media applications.

Liran also held principal architectural responsibilities for the hardware platform, clustering infrastructure and overall systems integration for XIV Storage System, acquired by IBM in 2007.

Mr. Zvibel holds a BSc.in Mathematics and Computer Science from Tel Aviv University.

107: GreyBeards talk MinIO’s support of VMware’s new Data Persistence Platform with AB Periasamy, CEO MinIO

Sponsored by:

The GreyBeards have talked with Anand Babu (AB) Periasamy (@ABPeriasamy), CEO MinIO, before (see 097: GreyBeards talk open source S3… episode). And we also saw him earlier this year, at their headquarters for Storage Field Day 19 (SFD19) where AB gave a great discussion of what they were doing and how it worked (see MinIO’s SFD18 presentation videos).

The podcast runs ~26 minutes. AB is very technically astute and always a delight to talk with. He’s extremely knowledgeable about the cloud, containerized applications and high performing S3 compatible object storage. And now with MinIO and vSAN Data Persistence under VCF Tanzu, very knowledgeable about the virtualized IT environment as well. Listen to the podcast to learn more. [We’re trying out a new format placing the podcast up front. Let us know what you think; The Eds.]


VMware VCF vSAN Data Persistence Platform with MinIO

Earlier this month VMware announced a new capability available with the next updates of vSAN, vSphere & VCF called the vSAN Data Persistence Platform. The Data Persistence Platform is a VMware framework designed to integrate stateful, independent vendor software defined storage services in vSphere. By doing so, VCF can provide API access to persistent storage services for containerized applications running under Tanzu Kubernetes (k8s) Grid service clusters.

At the announcement, VMware identified three object storage and one (Cassandra) database technical partners that had been integrated with the solution.  MinIO was an object storage, open source partner.

VMware’s VCF vSAN Data Persistence framework allows vCenter administrators to use vSphere cluster infrastructure to configure and deploy these new stateful storage services, like MinIO, into namespaces and enables app developers direct k8s API access to these storage namespaces to provide persistent, stateful object storage for applications. 

With VCF Tanzu and the vSAN Data Persistence Platform using MinIO, dev can have full support for their CiCd pipeline using native k8s tools to deploy and scale containerized apps on prem, in the public cloud and in hybrid cloud, all using VCF vSphere.

MinIO on the Data Persistence Platform

AB said MinIO with Data Persistence takes advantage of a new capability called vSAN Direct which gives vSAN almost JBOF types of IO control and performance. With MinIO vSAN Direct, storage and k8s cluster applications can co-reside on the same ESX node hardware so that IO activity doesn’t have to hop off host to be performed. In addition, can now populate ESX server nodes with lots (100s to 1000s?) of storage devices and be assured the storage will be used by applications running on that host.

As a result, MinIO’s object storage IO performance on VCF Tanzu is very good due to its use of vSAN Direct and MinIO’s inherent superior IO performance for S3 compatible object storage.

With MinIO on the VCF vSAN Data Persistence Platform, VMware takes over all the work of deploying MinIO software services on the VCF cluster. This way customers can take advantage of MiniO’s fully compatible S3 object storage system operating in their VCF cluster. For app developers they get the best of all worlds, infrastructure configured, deployed and managed by admins but completely controllable, scaleable and accessible through k8s API services.

If developers want to take advantage of MinIO specialized services such as data security or replication, they can do so directly using MinIOs APIs, just like they would when operating bare metal or in the cloud.

AB said the VMware development team was very responsive during development of Data Persistence. AB was surprised to see such a big company, like VMware, operate with almost startup like responsiveness. Keith mentioned he’s seen this in action as vSAN has matured very rapidly to a point of almost feature parity, with just about any storage system out there today .

With MinIO object storage, container applications that need PB of data, now have a home on VCF Tanzu. And it’s as easily usable as any public cloud storage. And with VCF Tanzu configuring and deploying the storage over its own infrastructure, and then having it all managed and administered by vCenter admins, its simple to create and use PB of object storage.

MinIO is already the most popular S3 compatible object storage provider for applications running in the cloud and on prem. And VMware is easily the most popular virtualization platform on the planet. Now with the two together on VCF Tanzu, there seems to be nothing in the way of conquering containerized applications running in IT as well.

With that, MinIO is available everywhere containers want to run, natively available in the cloud, on prem and hybrid cloud or running with VCF Tanzu everywhere as well.


AB Periasamy, CEO MinIO

AB Periasamy is the CEO and co-founder of MinIO. One of the leading thinkers and technologists in the open source software movement,

AB was a co-founder and CTO of GlusterFS which was acquired by RedHat in 2011. Following the acquisition, he served in the office of the CTO at RedHat prior to founding MinIO in late 2015.

AB is an active angel investor and serves on the board of H2O.ai and the Free Software Foundation of India.

He earned his BE in Computer Science and Engineering from Annamalai University.


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106: Greybeards talk Intel’s new HPC file system with Kelsey Prantis, Senior Software Eng. Manager, Intel

We had talked with Intel at Storage Field Day 20 (SFD20), about a month ago. At the virtual event, Intel’s focus was on their Optane PMEM (persistent memory) technology. Kelsey Prantis (@kelseyprantis), Senior Software Engineering Manager, Intel was on the show and gave an introduction into Intel’s DAOS (Distributed Architecture Object Storage, DAOS.io) a new HPC (high performance computing, super computers) file system they developed from scratch to use leading edge, Intel technologies, and Optane PMEM was one of them.

Kelsey has worked on LUSTRE and other HPC file systems for a long time now and came into the company from the acquisition of Whamcloud. Currently, she manages the development team working on DAOS. DAOS is a new HPC object storage file system which is completely open source (available on GitHub).

DAOS was designed from the start to take advantage of NVMe SSDs and Optane PMEM. With PMEM, current servers can support up to 20TB of memory. Besides the large memory sizes, Optane PMEM also offers non-volatile memory and byte addressability (just like DRAM). These two characteristics opens up new functionality that allows DAOS to move beyond legacy, block oriented, storage architectures that have been the only storage solution for HPC (and the enterprise) for decades now.

What’s different about DAOS

DAOS uses PMEM for all metadata and for storing small files. HPC IO has always focused on heavy bandwidth (IO using large blocks) oriented but lately newer applications have emerged, such as AI/ML/DL, data analytics and others, that use smaller files/blocks. Indeed, most new HPC clusters and supercomputers are deploying almost as many GPUs as CPUs in their configurations to support AI activities.

The problem is that these newer applications typically consume much smaller files. Matt mentioned one HPC client he worked with was processing small batches of seismic data, to predict, in real time, earthquakes that were happening around the world.

By using PMEM for metadata and small files, DAOS can be much more responsive to file requests (open, close, delete, status) as well as provide higher performing IO for small files. All this leads to a much better performing system for the new HPC workloads as well as great sustainable performance for the more traditional large file workloads.

DAOS storage

DAOS provides a cluster storage system that can be configured with from 1 (no data protection), but more normally 3 nodes (with data protection) at a minimum to 512 nodes (lab tested). Data protection in DAOS is currently based on mirroring data and can use from 0 to the number of nodes in a cluster as data mirrors.

DAOS system nodes are homogeneous. That is they all come with the same amount of PMEM and NVMe SSDs. Note, DAOS doesn’t support disk drives. Kelsey mentioned DAOS node hardware can be tailored to suit any particular application environment. But they typically require an average of 6% of overall DAOS system capacity in PMEM for metadata and small file activity.

DAOS current supports their own API, POSIX, HDFS5, MPIIO and Apache Spark storage protocols. Kelsey mentioned that standard POSIX uses a pessimistic conflict resolution mode which leads to performance bottlenecks during parallel access. In contrast, DAOS’s versos of POSIX uses optimistic conflict resolution, which means DAOS starts writes assuming there’s no conflict, but if one occurs it handles the conflict in real time. Of course with all the metadata byte addressable and in PMEM this doesn’t take up a lot of (IO) time.

As mentioned earlier, DAOS data protection uses mirror-replicas. However, unlike most other major file systems, DAOS mirroring can be done at the object level. DAOS internally is an object store. Data organization on DAOS starts at the pool level, underneath that is data containers, and then under that are objects. Any object in DAOS can have its own mirroring configuration. DAOS is working towards supporting Erasure Coding as another form of data protection for a future release.

DAOS performance

There’s a new storage benchmark that was developed specifically for HPC, called the IO500. The IO500 benchmark simulates a number of different HPC workloads, measures performance for each of them, and computes an (aggregate) performance score to rank HPC storage systems.

IO500 ranks system performance using two lists: one is for any sized configuration that typically range from 50 to 1000s of nodes and their other list limits the configuration to 10 nodes. The first performance ranking can sometimes be gamed by throwing more hardware into a cluster. The 10 node rankings are much harder to game this way and from our perspective, show a fairer comparison of system performance.

As presented (virtually) at ISC 2020, DAOS took the top spot on the IO500 any size configuration list and performed better than 2X the next best solution. And on the IO500 10 node list, Intel’s DAOS configuration, Texas Advanced Computing (TAC) DAOS configuration, and Argonne Nat Labs DAOS configuration took the top 3 spots and had 3X better performance than the next best, non-DAOS storage system.

The Argonne National Labs has already stated that they will be using DAOS in their new HPC system to be deployed in the near future. Early specifications for storage at the new Argonne Lab required support for 230PB of data and 25TB/sec of bandwidth.

The podcast ran ~43 minutes. Kelsey was great to talk with and very knowledgeable about HPC systems and HPC IO in particular. Matt has worked at Argonne in the past so understood these systems better than I. Sadly, we lost Matt’s end of the conversation about 1/2 way into the recording. Both Matt and I thought that DAOS represents the birth of a new generation of HPC storage. Listen to the podcast to learn more.


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Kelsey Prantis, Senior Software Engineering Manager, Intel

 Kelsey Prantis heads the Extreme Storage Architecture and Development division at Intel Corporation. She leads the development of Distributed Asynchronous Object Storage (DAOS), an open-source, low-latency and high IOPS object store designed from the ground up for massively distributed Non-Volatile Memory (NVM).

She joined Intel in 2012 with the acquisition of Whamcloud, where she led the development of the Intel Manager for Lustre* product.

Prior to Whamcloud, she was a software developer at personal genomics and biotechnology company 23andMe.

Prantis holds a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Rochester Institute of Technology

104: GreyBeards talk new cloud defined (shared) storage with Siamak Nazari, CEO Nebulon

Ray has known Siamak Nazari (@NebulonInc), CEO Nebulon for three companies now but has rarely had a one (two) on one discussion with him. With Nebulon just emerging from stealth (a gutsy move during the pandemic), the GreyBeards felt it was a good time to get Siamak on the show to tell us what he’s been up to. Turns out he and Nebulon decided it was time to completely rethink/rearchitect shared storage for the new data center.

At his prior company, Siamak spent a lot of time with many customers discussing the problems they had dealing with the complexity of managing, provisioning and maintaining multiple shared storage arrays. Somewhere in all those discussions Siamak saw this as a problem that needed a radical solution. If we could just redo shared storage from the ground up, there might be a solution to all these problems.

Redefining shared storage

Nebulon’s new approach to shared storage starts with an SPU card which replaces SAS RAID cards in a server. But instead of creating SAS RAID groups, the SPU creates a shareable, enterprise class, pool of storage across a throng of servers.

They call a collection of servers with SPUs, Cloud Defined Storage (CDS) and it creates a Nebulon nPod. An nPod essentially consists of multiple servers with SPU cards, with or without attached SSD storage, that are provisioned, managed and monitored via the cloud. Nebulon nPod servers are elements or nodes of a shared storage pool across all interconnected SPU servers in a data center.

In an SPU server with local (SAS, SATA, NVMe) SSD storage, the SPU creates an erasure coded pool of storage which can be used to serve (SAS) LUNs to this or any other SPU attached server in the nPod. In a SPU server without local SSD storage, the SPU provides access to any other SPU server shared storage in the nPod. Nebulon nPods only works with flash storage, it doesn’t support spinning media.

The SPU can supply boot storage for its server. There’s no need to have the CPU running OS code to use nPod shared storage. Yes, the SPU needs power and an active PCIe bus to work, but the functionality of an SPU doesn’t require an operational OS to work. The SPU provides a SAS LUN interface to server CPUs.

Each SPU has dual port access to an inter-cluster (25GbE) interconnect that connects all SPUs to the nPod. The nPod inter-cluster protocol is proprietary but takes advantage of standard TCP/IP services across the network with standard 25GbE switching.

The SPU firmware insures that it stays connected as long as power is available to the server. Customers can have more than one SPU in a server but these would be used for more IO performance. Each SPU also has 32GB of NVRAM for caching purposes and it’s also used for power fail fault tolerance.

In the unlikely case that the server and SPU are completely down (e.g. power outage), clients can still access that SPUs data storage, if it was mirrored (see below). When the SPU server comes back up, it will be resynched with any data that had been changed.

Other Nebulon storage features

Nebulon supports data-at-rest encryption, compression and deduplication for customer data. That way customer data is never in plain text as it travels across the nPod or even within the server from the SPU to SSD storage. Also any customer data written to an nPod can be optionally mirrored and as noted above, is protected via erasure coding.

The SPU also supports snapshotting of customer LUN data. So clients can take copies of LUNs and use these for backups, test, dev, etc. SPUs also support asynchronous or synchronous replication between nPods. For synchronous replication and mirrored data, the originating host only sees the IO complete after the data has been received at the target SPU or nPod.

Metadata for the nPod that defines LUN configurations and which server has LUN data is kept across the cluster in each SPU. But metadata on the location of user data within a server is only kept in that server’s SPU.

We asked Siamak whether nPods support SCM (storage class memory). He said not yet, but they’re looking at SCM NVMe storage for use as a potential metadata and data cache for SPUs.

Nebulon Application Centric storage

All the above storage features are present in most enterprise class storage systems. But what sets Nebulon apart from all other shared storage arrays is that their control plane is entirely in the cloud. That is customers point their browser to Nebulon’s control plane and use it to configure, provision and manage the nPod storage pool. Nebulon supports application templates that can be used to configure nPod storage to support standardized applications, such as VMware VMs, MongoDB, persistent storage for K8S containers, bare metal Linux apps, etc.

With the nPod’s control plane in the cloud it makes provisioning, managing and monitoring storage services much more agile. Nebulon can literally roll out new control plane updatesy to their install base on an almost daily basis. Just like any other cloud based or SAAS application. Customers receive the updated nPod control plane functionality by simply refreshing their browser page.

Nebulon’s GoToMarket

Near the end of our podcast, we asked Siamak about how Nebulon was going to access the market. Nebulon’s goto market is to use server OEMs. That is, they have signed agreements with two (and working on a third) server vendors to sell SPU cards with Nebulon control plane access.

During server purchases, customers configure their servers but now along with SAS RAID card options they will now see an Nebulon SPU option. OEM server vendors will bundle SPU hardware and Nebulon control plane access along with all other server components such as CPU’s, SSDs, NICs, etc, This way, the customer will receive a pre-installed SPU card in their server and will be ready to configure nPod LUNs as soon as the server powers on in their network.

Nebulon will go GA in the 3rd quarter.

The podcast ran ~43 minutes. Siamak has always been a pleasure to talk with and is very knowledgeable about the problems customers have in today’s data center environments. Nebulon has given him and his team the way to rethink storage and address these serious issues. Matt and I had a good time talking with Siamak. Listen to the podcast to learn more.

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Siamak Nazari, CEO Nebulon

Siamak Nazari is the CEO and Co-founder of Nebulon. Siamak has over 25 years of experience working on distributed and highly available systems.

In his position as HPE Fellow and VP, he was responsible for setting technical direction for HPE 3PAR and its portfolio of software and hardware. He worked on HPE 3PAR technology from 2000 to 2018, responsible for designing and implementing distributed memory management and the high availability features of the system.

Prior to joining 3PAR, Siamak was the technical lead for distributed highly available Proxy Filesystem (pxfs) of Sun Cluster 3.0.